{"id":1860,"date":"2026-04-28T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/sapan-acisi-60-derece-kapasite-dusus-tablosu\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T10:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T07:00:00","slug":"sapan-acisi-60-derece-kapasite-dusus-tablosu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/sapan-acisi-60-derece-kapasite-dusus-tablosu\/","title":{"rendered":"Sapan A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 60 Derece Olunca Kapasite Ne Kadar D\u00fc\u015fer? Trigonometrik A\u00e7\u0131klama ve Tablo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bir kald\u0131rma sapan\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde &#8220;WLL 5 ton&#8221; yaz\u0131yor olmas\u0131, o sapan\u0131n her ko\u015fulda 5 ton kald\u0131rabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. Ayn\u0131 sapan dik (90&deg;) konumda 5 ton, 60 derecelik a\u00e7\u0131yla 2,5 ton; 30 derecelik dar a\u00e7\u0131yla yaln\u0131zca 1,25 ton g\u00fcvenli y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Sahada en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kazalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bu a\u00e7\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131 gelir. Bu rehberde sapan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kapasiteyi neden ve nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, kritik 60 derece e\u015fi\u011finin neden bu kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu, a\u00e7\u0131ya g\u00f6re kapasite tablosunu ve sahada do\u011fru \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm i\u00e7in pratik y\u00f6ntemleri tek tek inceliyoruz.<\/p>\n<h2>Sapan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 nedir? Yatay a\u00e7\u0131 m\u0131, kollar aras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131 m\u0131?<\/h2>\n<p>Sapan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 kavram\u0131 sahada iki farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve bu fark yanl\u0131\u015f hesaplamaya yol a\u00e7ar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Yatay a\u00e7\u0131 (horizontal angle):<\/strong> Sapan baca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yer ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131. EN 13414, ISO 4878 ve ASME B30.9 bu tan\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Standartlarda WLL hesab\u0131 bu a\u00e7\u0131 \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kollar aras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131 (included angle):<\/strong> \u0130ki bacak aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131. Operat\u00f6rlerin g\u00f6zle daha kolay tahmin etti\u011fi de\u011ferdir. Yatay a\u00e7\u0131 + tepe a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131\/2 = 90&deg; oldu\u011fundan iki de\u011fer aras\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu rehber boyunca <strong>&#8220;yatay a\u00e7\u0131&#8221;<\/strong> kullan\u0131l\u0131r; standartlar\u0131n ve sertifika etiketlerinin referans\u0131 budur. Sahada &#8220;sapan 60 derece&#8221; denildi\u011finde genellikle baca\u011f\u0131n yer ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131 kastedilir.<\/p>\n<h2>A\u00e7\u0131 kapasiteyi neden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr?<\/h2>\n<p>Sapan baca\u011f\u0131 dik konumda oldu\u011funda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuvvet yaln\u0131zca dikey bile\u015fendir; t\u00fcm y\u00fck halat\u0131n eksenine paralel etki eder. Bacak a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a ayn\u0131 y\u00fck art\u0131k iki bile\u015fene ayr\u0131l\u0131r: dikey bile\u015fen y\u00fck\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131r, yatay bile\u015fen ise sapan\u0131 yere do\u011fru \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yatay bile\u015fen halatta ek bir \u00e7ekme yarat\u0131r ve toplam halat gerilimi artar.<\/p>\n<p>Bunu hesaplamak i\u00e7in temel form\u00fcl:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>Bacak Gerilimi = (Y\u00fck \/ Bacak Say\u0131s\u0131) &divide; sin(&alpha;)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Burada &alpha; baca\u011f\u0131n yer ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yatay a\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fck\u00e7e sin(&alpha;) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve bacaktaki gerilim h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Bu da sapan\u0131n g\u00fcvenli olarak ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fi y\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. Ayn\u0131 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n detayl\u0131 t\u00fcretilmesi ve farkl\u0131 bacak say\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/sapan-aci-faktoru-yuk-dagilimi-hesaplama\/\">sapan a\u00e7\u0131 fakt\u00f6r\u00fc ve y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 rehberini<\/a> inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>Sapan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re kapasite tablosu<\/h2>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo, dik (90&deg;) konumdaki kapasiteyi 100% kabul ederek, farkl\u0131 yatay a\u00e7\u0131larda kalan kullan\u0131labilir kapasiteyi g\u00f6sterir:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background:#f4f4f4;\">\n<th>Yatay A\u00e7\u0131<\/th>\n<th>Kollar Aras\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131<\/th>\n<th>A\u00e7\u0131 Fakt\u00f6r\u00fc (sin)<\/th>\n<th>Kullan\u0131labilir Kapasite<\/th>\n<th>WLL 5 t Sapan \u0130\u00e7in<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>90&deg;<\/td>\n<td>0&deg;<\/td>\n<td>1,000<\/td>\n<td>%100<\/td>\n<td>5,00 t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>75&deg;<\/td>\n<td>30&deg;<\/td>\n<td>0,966<\/td>\n<td>%97<\/td>\n<td>4,83 t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>60&deg;<\/td>\n<td>60&deg;<\/td>\n<td>0,866<\/td>\n<td>%87<\/td>\n<td>4,33 t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>45&deg;<\/td>\n<td>90&deg;<\/td>\n<td>0,707<\/td>\n<td>%71<\/td>\n<td>3,54 t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>30&deg;<\/td>\n<td>120&deg;<\/td>\n<td>0,500<\/td>\n<td>%50<\/td>\n<td>2,50 t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>15&deg;<\/td>\n<td>150&deg;<\/td>\n<td>0,259<\/td>\n<td>%26<\/td>\n<td>1,29 t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Bu tablo, EN 1492-1 (yuvarlak sapan) ve EN 13414 (\u00e7elik halat sapan) standartlar\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fczeltme fakt\u00f6rlerinin birebir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Sapan etiketinde genellikle iki a\u00e7\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in iki ayr\u0131 WLL de\u011feri belirtilir: <strong>0&deg;-45&deg; (dar a\u00e7\u0131)<\/strong> ve <strong>45&deg;-60&deg; (geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131)<\/strong>. Burada belirtilen de\u011ferler &#8220;kollar aras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131&#8221;d\u0131r. Yani etikette &#8220;WLL @ 0-45&deg; = 5 t&#8221; yaz\u0131yorsa, kollar aras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131 45&deg;&#8217;ye kadar 5 ton kullan\u0131labilir; 45&deg;-60&deg; aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir WLL de\u011feri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>60 derece neden kritik bir e\u015fiktir?<\/h2>\n<p>Standartlarda 60 derece (yatay a\u00e7\u0131) genellikle bir <strong>&#8220;minimum kabul edilebilir a\u00e7\u0131&#8221;<\/strong> olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Bu e\u015fi\u011fin alt\u0131na inildi\u011finde:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bacak gerilimi WLL&#8217;in \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flar.<\/li>\n<li>Sapan bacaklar\u0131ndaki yatay bile\u015fen, y\u00fck\u00fc i\u00e7e do\u011fru s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar ve y\u00fck g\u00f6vdesinde ezilme (crushing) riski olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n<li>Kanca ve shackle gibi ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131nda yan y\u00fck (side load) olu\u015fur; bu da bu elemanlar\u0131n WLL&#8217;lerini ayr\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Halat sapanlarda demet s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6z (eye) b\u00f6lgesinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 e\u011filme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu nedenle e\u011fitimli operat\u00f6rler ve \u0130SG sorumlular\u0131, yatay a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n 60&deg;&#8217;nin alt\u0131na inmesine izin vermez. 45&deg; mutlak alt limit olarak de\u011ferlendirilir; 30&deg; ve alt\u0131 kabul edilemez.<\/p>\n<h2>Pratik bir hesap \u00f6rne\u011fi<\/h2>\n<p>5 tonluk bir motoru iki bacakl\u0131 bir \u00e7elik halat sapan ile kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Sapan bacaklar\u0131n\u0131n yer ile a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 45&deg; ise:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bacak ba\u015f\u0131na dikey y\u00fck: 5 \/ 2 = 2,5 ton<\/li>\n<li>A\u00e7\u0131 fakt\u00f6r\u00fc: sin(45&deg;) = 0,707<\/li>\n<li>Her bacak halat\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek gerilim: 2,5 &divide; 0,707 = <strong>3,54 ton<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Yani 5 tonluk bir y\u00fck\u00fc kald\u0131r\u0131rken her halat baca\u011f\u0131 asl\u0131nda 3,54 ton \u00e7ekiyor olur. WLL&#8217;i 3 ton olan bir \u00e7elik halat sapan\u0131 bu durumda kullanmak \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir hatad\u0131r; sapan\u0131n her baca\u011f\u0131 %18 fazla y\u00fcklenir ve birka\u00e7 \u00e7evrim i\u00e7inde i\u00e7eride yorulma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n<h2>Sahada sapan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l h\u0131zl\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00e7eriz?<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>A\u00e7\u0131\u00f6l\u00e7er (inclinometer) ile:<\/strong> En do\u011fru y\u00f6ntemdir. Baca\u011fa magnetli a\u00e7\u0131\u00f6l\u00e7er uygulan\u0131r, yatay a\u00e7\u0131 do\u011frudan okunur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00dc\u00e7gen y\u00f6ntemiyle:<\/strong> Sapan\u0131n tepe y\u00fcksekli\u011fini ve y\u00fck geni\u015fli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn. tan(&alpha;) = y\u00fckseklik \/ (yar\u0131m geni\u015flik) form\u00fcl\u00fc ile yatay a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 bulun.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bacak\/geni\u015flik oran\u0131 kural\u0131:<\/strong> Bacak uzunlu\u011funun y\u00fck geni\u015fli\u011finin en az 1,15 kat\u0131 olmas\u0131 yatay a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 60&deg;&#8217;nin \u00fczerinde tutar. Bu pratik kontrol\u00fcn do\u011frulu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r; \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ara\u00e7lar\u0131 her zaman tercih edilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Telefon uygulamalar\u0131:<\/strong> Ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon e\u011fim \u00f6l\u00e7er uygulamalar\u0131 sapana yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda pratik bir alternatif sunar; ancak resmi rapor i\u00e7in akredite \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm cihaz\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Sapan\u0131n WLL&#8217;i ka\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131 i\u00e7in tan\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>EN 13414 ve EN 1492 standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re sapan WLL&#8217;i iki a\u00e7\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belirtilir: 0&deg;-45&deg; ve 45&deg;-60&deg; (kollar aras\u0131). 60&deg;&#8217;nin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131larda kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in sertifikal\u0131 bir de\u011fer tan\u0131mlanmaz; bu konfig\u00fcrasyon kabul edilemez.<\/p>\n<h2>4 bacakl\u0131 sapanda 3 bacak y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131r m\u0131?<\/h2>\n<p>Pratikte evet; sapan bacaklar\u0131ndan biri her zaman di\u011ferlerinden bir miktar geride kal\u0131r ve y\u00fck\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc 3 bacak ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu nedenle 4 bacakl\u0131 sapan\u0131n WLL hesab\u0131 genelde 3 bacakl\u0131 sapan kabul edilerek yap\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fck\u00fc tam dengeli ask\u0131ya almak istiyorsan\u0131z spreader beam (kald\u0131rma traversi) \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011ferlendirin.<\/p>\n<h2>Ayn\u0131 sapan farkl\u0131 uzunlukta bacakla m\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>E\u015fit olmayan bacak uzunlu\u011fu kullanmak, y\u00fck\u00fcn dengesiz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na ve bir-iki baca\u011f\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmesine yol a\u00e7ar. Standart kullan\u0131m her zaman e\u015fit bacak iledir. Asimetrik y\u00fck i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015f asimetrik sapanlar \u00fcretilir; standart sapan bu ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n<h2>A\u00e7\u0131 fakt\u00f6r\u00fc hesaplamas\u0131 her zaman sin\u00fcs ile mi yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>Standart form\u00fcl yatay a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n sin\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131r. Baz\u0131 eski kaynaklarda ve bro\u015f\u00fcrlerde &#8220;kosin\u00fcs&#8221; ge\u00e7er; bu durumda referans a\u00e7\u0131 kollar aras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve de\u011fer matematiksel olarak ayn\u0131 sonucu verir. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in her zaman &#8220;hangi a\u00e7\u0131?&#8221; sorusu netle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2>Y\u00fck \u015feklinin etkisi var m\u0131?<\/h2>\n<p>Vard\u0131r. Y\u00fck geni\u015f ise sapan bacaklar\u0131 \u00e7ok dar a\u00e7\u0131ya iner; bu durumda spreader beam (kald\u0131rma traversi) kullanmak hem a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 dik tutar hem de y\u00fck \u00fczerindeki ezilme kuvvetini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. Y\u00fck dar ise bacaklar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve standart hesap ge\u00e7erli kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sapan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7elik halat sapan\u0131n kapasitesini halat veya sapan kalitesinden \u00e7ok daha fazla etkileyen tasar\u0131m parametresidir. Etiket \u00fczerindeki WLL bir tavan de\u011fil bir ko\u015fullu de\u011ferdir; her kullan\u0131mda uygulanan a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n etiket a\u00e7\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na uyup uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilmelidir. Operat\u00f6rlerin bu hesab\u0131 tahminle de\u011fil, a\u00e7\u0131\u00f6l\u00e7erle veya basit trigonometriyle yapmas\u0131; sahada uzun y\u0131llar boyunca kazalar\u0131 \u00f6nleyen en pratik m\u00fcdahaledir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Do\u011fan \u00c7elik Halat<\/strong>, 1994&#8217;ten bu yana \u00e7elik halat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde faaliyet g\u00f6stermekte; demir-\u00e7elik, liman, in\u015faat, vin\u00e7, petrol, maden, \u00e7imento ve asans\u00f6r sekt\u00f6rlerine 1 mm&#8217;den 60 mm&#8217;ye kadar geni\u015f \u00e7ap aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda TS EN belgeli halat ve TSE belgeli sapan temin etmektedir. Tek, \u00e7ift, \u00fc\u00e7 ve d\u00f6rt bacakl\u0131 \u00e7elik halat sapan, polyester sapan ve zincir sapan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcn gam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Address:<\/strong> Al\u0131nteri Bulvar\u0131 No:6-8 Ostim \/ ANKARA<\/li>\n<li><strong>Telephone<\/strong> <a href=\"tel:+903123940496\">0312 394 04 96<\/a> &mdash; <a href=\"tel:+905306682926\">0530 668 29 26<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>E-posta:<\/strong> <a href=\"mailto:satis@yenidogancelikhalat.com.tr\">satis@yenidogancelikhalat.com.tr<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sapan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 60 derecede kapasite %50 d\u00fc\u015fer. Trigonometrik form\u00fcl, 30\/45\/60\/75 derece i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131 fakt\u00f6r\u00fc tablosu ve sahada a\u00e7\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn riskleri.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1860"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1860\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}