{"id":1852,"date":"2026-04-20T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/celik-halat-capi-nasil-olculur-iso-4309\/"},"modified":"2026-06-13T20:57:46","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T17:57:46","slug":"celik-halat-capi-nasil-olculur-iso-4309","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/celik-halat-capi-nasil-olculur-iso-4309\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7elik Halat \u00c7ap\u0131 Nas\u0131l \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr? Kumpas, Mikrometre ve Saha Y\u00f6ntemleri (ISO 4309 Rehberi)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7elik halat \u00e7ap\u0131; halat\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesini, makara se\u00e7imini ve servis \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frudan belirleyen <strong>en kritik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/strong>. Yanl\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen bir \u00e7ap, kullan\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir halat\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 sahada \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ya da sa\u011flam bir halat\u0131n gereksiz yere de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine yol a\u00e7ar. Sekt\u00f6rde periyodik kontrol raporlar\u0131nda en s\u0131k rastlanan hata kalemi her zaman &#8220;yanl\u0131\u015f nominal \u00e7ap referans\u0131&#8221; olmu\u015ftur. Bu rehberde <strong>ISO 4309:2017<\/strong> standard\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nerdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemini, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken aletleri, tolerans tablosunu ve sahada en s\u0131k yap\u0131lan be\u015f hatay\u0131 tek tek ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00c7elik halatta &#8220;\u00e7ap&#8221; tam olarak neyi ifade eder?<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c7elik halat \u00e7ap\u0131, halat\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen <strong>hayali dairenin d\u0131\u015f kenarlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki en geni\u015f mesafedir<\/strong>. Bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir tan\u0131md\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc halat dairesel de\u011fildir; demet (strand) ve \u00f6zden olu\u015fan kompozit bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla halat \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 bir tel ya da bir boru gibi tek bir noktadan \u00f6l\u00e7emezsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dcreticinin katalo\u011funda yer alan de\u011fere <strong>&#8220;nominal \u00e7ap&#8221;<\/strong> denir. Sahada \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz de\u011fer ise <strong>&#8220;ger\u00e7ek \u00e7ap&#8221;<\/strong>t\u0131r. Yeni bir halatta ger\u00e7ek \u00e7ap, nominal \u00e7ap\u0131n %0 ile +%4 \u00fczerinde olabilir; bu durum ISO 4309 ve EN 12385-2 standartlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan izin verilen toleranst\u0131r. Halat kullan\u0131ma al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra ise yatak izi, s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma ve demet a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ap <strong>nominal de\u011ferin alt\u0131na<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015febilir; ISO 4309 bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn belirli bir e\u015fi\u011fi ge\u00e7mesi halinde halat\u0131 <em>&#8220;hizmetten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken halat&#8221;<\/em> olarak tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n<h2>ISO 4309 standard\u0131 bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmde neden belirleyici?<\/h2>\n<p>ISO 4309:2017 (Crane &mdash; Wire Ropes &mdash; Care and Maintenance, Inspection and Discard), vin\u00e7 ve kald\u0131rma sistemlerinde kullan\u0131lan \u00e7elik halatlar\u0131n muayene, raporlama ve hizmetten \u00e7\u0131karma kriterlerini belirleyen uluslararas\u0131 standartt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de TS ISO 4309 olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir ve <strong>6331 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130SG Kanunu<\/strong> kapsam\u0131nda periyodik kontrol m\u00fchendislerinin temel referans dok\u00fcman\u0131d\u0131r. Bu standard\u0131n saha uygulamas\u0131, kontrol band\u0131, foto\u011fraf raporu ve discard kriterlerine dair detaylar\u0131 i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/celik-halat-muayenesi-iso-4309-periyodik-kontrol-rehberi\/\">\u00e7elik halat muayenesi ISO 4309 rehberimizi<\/a> inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Standart, halat \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki azalmay\u0131 \u015fu e\u015fiklere ba\u011flar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>%5&#8217;i ge\u00e7en \u00e7ap azalmas\u0131:<\/strong> Halat\u0131n hizmetten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur (vin\u00e7 ve kald\u0131rma uygulamalar\u0131nda).<\/li>\n<li><strong>%3 ile %5 aras\u0131 azalma:<\/strong> Detayl\u0131 tahribats\u0131z muayene (MRT) \u00f6nerilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>%3&#8217;\u00fcn alt\u0131:<\/strong> Normal a\u015f\u0131nma kabul edilir; bak\u0131m ve ya\u011flama s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu e\u015fikleri do\u011fru uygulamak i\u00e7in <strong>ilk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn de do\u011fru yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131<\/strong> \u015fartt\u0131r. Aksi halde %4&#8217;l\u00fck bir ger\u00e7ek a\u015f\u0131nmay\u0131 %1 gibi okuyup halat\u0131 tehlikeli \u015fekilde sahada tutabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00c7elik halat \u00e7ap\u0131 hangi aletle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/h2>\n<h3>Tepe-tepe (crest-to-crest) kumpas\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c7elik halat \u00e7ap\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcnde <strong>standart y\u00f6ntem, geni\u015f \u00e7eneli kumpast\u0131r<\/strong>. Burada en \u00f6nemli kural \u00e7enelerin <em>iki kar\u015f\u0131 demetin (strand) tepesine<\/em> oturmas\u0131d\u0131r; demet vadileri aras\u0131na oturursa \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm 0,3-0,8 mm a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar ve halat\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla &#8220;a\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f&#8221; olarak raporlars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>ISO 4309, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm i\u00e7in <strong>\u00e7eneleri en az 1,5 d uzunlu\u011funda olan<\/strong> bir kumpas \u00f6nerir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc dar \u00e7eneli klasik kumpaslar demet topografyas\u0131n\u0131 tam kavrayamaz. Profesyonel ekiplerin sahada kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kumpaslar 0,02 mm hassasiyetlidir ve genellikle dijitaldir.<\/p>\n<h3>Mikrometre (sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 halatlarda)<\/h3>\n<p>2 mm ile 8 mm aras\u0131ndaki ince halatlarda (anten gergi, asma iskele, \u00e7elik teli, modelcilik) <strong>d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap mikrometresi<\/strong> kullan\u0131labilir. Burada da \u00e7enelerin temas noktas\u0131 demet tepesine getirilir. 10 mm \u00fczerindeki halatlarda mikrometre yerine kumpas tercih edilir; aksi halde demet say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a topografya farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131r ve mikrometre hatal\u0131 okuma yapar.<\/p>\n<h3>Halat \u00e7ap \u015fablonu (rope diameter gauge)<\/h3>\n<p>Saha ekiplerinin &#8220;h\u0131zl\u0131 kontrol&#8221; i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u00e7inde standart halat \u00e7aplar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen oyuklar\u0131 bulunan plastik veya al\u00fcminyum \u015fablonlard\u0131r. <strong>Pratik bir \u00f6n kontrol arac\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong> ancak raporlanacak resmi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm i\u00e7in yeterli hassasiyete sahip de\u011fildir. Periyodik kontrol m\u00fchendisi mutlaka kumpas ile teyit etmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2>Ad\u0131m ad\u0131m do\u011fru \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm prosed\u00fcr\u00fc<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Halat \u00fczerinde 3 farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lge se\u00e7in.<\/strong> Tercihen: makaradan ge\u00e7en b\u00f6lge, drum&#8217;a sar\u0131lan b\u00f6lge ve serbest u\u00e7tan 1 m i\u00e7eri.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Her b\u00f6lgede iki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131n<\/strong> ve aralar\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 90\u00b0 tutun (yani halat\u0131 kendi ekseninde 90\u00b0 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrerek ikinci \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc al\u0131n).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c7eneleri demet tepelerine oturtun.<\/strong> Kumpas\u0131n \u00e7ene s\u0131rt\u0131 halat eksenine 90\u00b0 olmal\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131kmadan kapat\u0131n.<\/strong> Demeti ezerseniz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm 0,1-0,3 mm a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alt\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131n.<\/strong> Bu de\u011fer &#8220;\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen \u00e7ap&#8221;t\u0131r. Nominal de\u011ferle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p y\u00fczde sapmay\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u00c7elik halat tolerans tablosu (EN 12385-2)<\/h2>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background:#f4f4f4;\">\n<th>Nominal \u00c7ap (mm)<\/th>\n<th>\u00dcst Tolerans (Yeni Halat)<\/th>\n<th>Discard Limiti (Vin\u00e7)<\/th>\n<th>Discard Limiti (Asans\u00f6r)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>6 &ndash; 8<\/td>\n<td>+%6<\/td>\n<td>&minus;%5<\/td>\n<td>&minus;%6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10 &ndash; 12<\/td>\n<td>+%5<\/td>\n<td>&minus;%5<\/td>\n<td>&minus;%6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>14 &ndash; 22<\/td>\n<td>+%5<\/td>\n<td>&minus;%5<\/td>\n<td>&minus;%6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>24 &ndash; 32<\/td>\n<td>+%4<\/td>\n<td>&minus;%5<\/td>\n<td>&minus;%6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>36 &ndash; 60<\/td>\n<td>+%4<\/td>\n<td>&minus;%5<\/td>\n<td>&minus;%6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Sahada en s\u0131k yap\u0131lan be\u015f \u00e7ap \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm hatas\u0131<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Demet vadisinden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm:<\/strong> \u00c7ene tepe yerine vadiye oturursa halat 0,3&ndash;0,8 mm dar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr; sa\u011flam halat &#8220;hurda&#8221; raporlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dar \u00e7eneli kumpas kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> \u00c7ene boyu halat \u00e7ap\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse okuma yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olur. \u00c7ene en az 1,5 d olmal\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ya\u011fl\u0131 halat\u0131 silmeden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm:<\/strong> Gres tabakas\u0131 0,1-0,2 mm kal\u0131nl\u0131k ekler. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmden \u00f6nce bez ile demet y\u00fczeyi temizlenmelidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00fck alt\u0131ndaki halat\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek:<\/strong> Halat y\u00fck alt\u0131nda %1-%2 uzar, \u00e7ap %0,3-%0,6 d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm <strong>y\u00fcks\u00fcz<\/strong> yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmle karar vermek:<\/strong> ISO 4309 minimum alt\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ister; tek noktadan karar veren rapor ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u00c7elik halat \u00e7ap\u0131 hangi s\u0131kl\u0131kta \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmeli?<\/h2>\n<p>ISO 4309 ve TS EN 13414, halat \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n <strong>her periyodik muayenede<\/strong> \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesini \u015fart ko\u015far. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de \u0130SG Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda bu periyot <strong>en ge\u00e7 3 ay<\/strong>d\u0131r. Ancak y\u00fcksek yorulma alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan halatlarda (liman vin\u00e7leri, s\u00fcrekli operasyon) periyot <strong>1 aya<\/strong> indirilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni halat\u0131n <strong>kurulum sonras\u0131 ilk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc mutlaka kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>; &#8220;baseline&#8221; olarak bilinen bu ilk de\u011fer, sonraki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n referans\u0131d\u0131r. Baseline kayd\u0131 olmayan bir halatta ne kadar a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru yorumlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00c7elik halat \u00e7ap\u0131 \u015ferit metre veya cetvelle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir mi?<\/h2>\n<p>Hay\u0131r. \u015eerit metre veya cetvel hem hassasiyet (1 mm) hem de demet topografyas\u0131n\u0131 okuma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yetersizdir. Sadece \u00f6n kestirim i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir; rapor i\u00e7in asla kabul edilmez.<\/p>\n<h2>Yeni ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m halat\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 katalogtan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, defolu mu?<\/h2>\n<p>Hay\u0131r. EN 12385-2&#8217;ye g\u00f6re yeni halat\u0131n ger\u00e7ek \u00e7ap\u0131, nominal de\u011ferin %4-%6 \u00fczerinde olabilir. Bu standart tolerans dahilindedir. Kullan\u0131m ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7ap nominal de\u011fere do\u011fru oturur.<\/p>\n<h2>Halat \u00e7ap\u0131 nominalin %5 alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde mutlaka de\u011fi\u015ftirmem gerekir mi?<\/h2>\n<p>Vin\u00e7 ve kald\u0131rma uygulamalar\u0131nda evet, ISO 4309&#8217;a g\u00f6re halat hizmetten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak asans\u00f6rlerde (EN 81-50) bu limit %6&#8217;d\u0131r. Sekt\u00f6re \u00f6zg\u00fc y\u00f6netmelik mutlaka kontrol edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2>Hangi b\u00f6lgeden \u00f6l\u00e7ece\u011fimi nas\u0131l belirlerim?<\/h2>\n<p>En y\u00fcksek a\u015f\u0131nma; halat\u0131n makara \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve s\u00fcrekli ayn\u0131 noktada b\u00fck\u00fcm ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde olur. Periyodik kontrol bu noktalar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle hedefler. Ayn\u0131 zamanda halat\u0131n drum&#8217;a sabitlendi\u011fi uca yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgeler de korozyon riski ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2>Dijital kumpas ile mekanik kumpas aras\u0131nda fark var m\u0131?<\/h2>\n<p>Hassasiyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan profesyonel mekanik ve dijital kumpaslar (0,02 mm) e\u015fde\u011ferdir. Dijital olan\u0131n avantaj\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn do\u011frudan rapor formuna aktar\u0131labilmesi ve s\u0131f\u0131rlama hatas\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Saha \u015fartlar\u0131nda dijital kumpas\u0131n pil dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve toz korumas\u0131 (IP67) \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7elik halat \u00e7ap\u0131 do\u011fru \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmedi\u011finde, ne kadar pahal\u0131 bir halat sat\u0131n al\u0131rsan\u0131z al\u0131n, kontrol raporunuz g\u00fcvenilir olmaz. ISO 4309 disiplininde, geni\u015f \u00e7eneli kumpasla, demet tepesinden, alt\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn ortalamas\u0131yla al\u0131nan de\u011fer; halat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sahada g\u00fcvenle kalmas\u0131n\u0131n ya da zaman\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin tek do\u011fru referans\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Do\u011fan \u00c7elik Halat<\/strong>, 1994&#8217;ten bu yana \u00e7elik halat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde faaliyet g\u00f6stermekte; demir-\u00e7elik, liman, in\u015faat, vin\u00e7, petrol, maden, \u00e7imento ve asans\u00f6r sekt\u00f6rlerine 1 mm&#8217;den 60 mm&#8217;ye kadar geni\u015f \u00e7ap aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda TS EN belgeli halat ve TSE belgeli sapan temin etmektedir. Do\u011fru halat se\u00e7imi, kopma y\u00fck\u00fc hesab\u0131 veya \u00fcr\u00fcn temini i\u00e7in bizimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Address:<\/strong> Al\u0131nteri Bulvar\u0131 No:6-8 Ostim \/ ANKARA<\/li>\n<li><strong>Telephone<\/strong> <a href=\"tel:+903123940496\">0312 394 04 96<\/a> &mdash; <a href=\"tel:+905306682926\">0530 668 29 26<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>E-posta:<\/strong> <a href=\"mailto:satis@yenidogancelikhalat.com.tr\">satis@yenidogancelikhalat.com.tr<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7elik halat \u00e7ap\u0131 ISO 4309&#8217;a g\u00f6re nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr? Kumpas, mikrometre, \u015fablon y\u00f6ntemleri, tolerans tablosu ve sahada yap\u0131lan 5 yayg\u0131n hata bu uzman rehberinde.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1852"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1856,"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1852\/revisions\/1856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/celik-halat.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}